Macular Degeneration

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Macular Degeneration

A diagnosis of macular degeneration can be alarming, but knowledge is power. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a common condition that affects millions of people, especially as they get older. While it can impact vision, many patients continue to live full, independent lives with the right care and lifestyle choices.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

AMD affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This is what helps us read, drive, recognize faces, and see fine details. There are two types of AMD:

Dry AMD (Non-Neovascular AMD) – This is the most common form, accounting for about 85-90% of cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins due to aging, leading to slow, progressive vision loss. Small yellow deposits called drusen can also form under the retina, affecting visual sharpness.
Wet AMD (Neovascular AMD) – Though less common, this form is more serious. It happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid vision distortion or loss. Without prompt treatment, wet AMD can cause severe vision impairment.

Signs & Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

AMD can be tricky because it often starts with no noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, people may experience:

Blurry or fuzzy central vision (while peripheral vision remains intact)
Distorted vision (straight lines appearing wavy or bent)
Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
Increased sensitivity to glare
Decreased color perception

If you notice any of these symptoms, schedule an eye exam immediately. Early detection can slow progression and help preserve vision.

Why Regular Eye Exams Are Essential

AMD progresses differently for everyone. Some patients experience only mild vision changes, while others may develop severe impairment. Routine eye exams help detect AMD in its early stages when interventions are most effective.

We closely monitor AMD patients with advanced imaging (such as optical coherence tomography and retinal scans) to track changes over time. If necessary, we can quickly refer you to a retinal specialist for additional care—often much faster than if you try to schedule on your own.

Are You at Risk for AMD?

While anyone can develop macular degeneration, some factors increase the likelihood:

Age – Risk increases significantly after age 55
Gender – Women are at higher risk than men
Race – Caucasians have a higher likelihood than other ethnic groups
Family History – If a close relative has AMD, your risk is higher
Eye Color – People with light-colored eyes (blue or green) are more vulnerable
Smoking – Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop AMD
Obesity & Poor Diet – Diets high in processed foods and low in nutrients can contribute to AMD
High Blood Pressure & High Cholesterol – Poor circulation can impact retinal health
UV Light Exposure – Long-term exposure to sunlight can increase risk (wear sunglasses!)

What You Can Do to Protect Your Vision

While some risk factors (like age or genetics) can’t be changed, lifestyle modifications can significantly slow AMD progression and reduce your risk:

Quit Smoking – Smoking is the #1 modifiable risk factor for AMD. Quitting improves blood flow to the eyes and slows vision loss.
Eat a Nutrient-Rich Diet – A Mediterranean-style diet rich in leafy greens (spinach, kale), omega-3 fatty acids (salmon, walnuts), and antioxidants (berries, carrots) can support eye health.
Take Eye-Supporting Supplements – The AREDS2 formula (vitamins C, E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin) has been shown to slow AMD progression in patients with intermediate-stage disease.
Wear Sunglasses & Hats – Protect your eyes from harmful UV rays by wearing 100% UV-blocking sunglasses whenever you're outdoors.
Maintain a Healthy Weight & Exercise – Regular physical activity improves blood flow to the retina and reduces AMD risk.
Control Blood Pressure & Cholesterol – High blood pressure can restrict blood flow to the eyes, worsening AMD. Managing your cardiovascular health helps protect your vision.
Get Regular Eye Exams – Annual eye exams are essential for early AMD detection. If you have risk factors, your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings.

Treatment Options for AMD

There is no cure for macular degeneration, but several treatments can help slow progression and preserve vision:

Lifestyle & Nutrition Changes – Eating a diet rich in antioxidants, quitting smoking, and taking AREDS2 supplements can slow dry AMD progression.
Anti-VEGF Injections – For wet AMD, medications like Eylea, Lucentis, and Avastin are injected into the eye to stop abnormal blood vessel growth and reduce leakage. These are highly effective at stabilizing and even improving vision.
Laser Therapy & Photodynamic Therapy – In some cases, laser treatments can target abnormal blood vessels in wet AMD.
Low Vision Aids – Magnifiers, special glasses, and electronic devices can help those with advanced AMD maintain independence.

Don't Wait—Protect Your Vision Today!

If you have a family history of macular degeneration or any of the risk factors listed above, don’t wait until symptoms appear. Early detection is key! Schedule an appointment with us TODAY so we can assess your risk and create a personalized plan to protect your eyesight.

Your vision is precious—let’s work together to keep it strong for years to come!